Traveling through the rolling hills of Nebraska, one can't help but notice the unique landscape of the Midwestern Oak Savannas. These savannas, characterized by the presence of oak trees and a diverse array of wildlife, cover a significant portion of the Great Plains region. Located in the eastern part of the state, the Oak Savannas stretch from the Niobrara River Valley in the north to the Platte River Valley in the south.

The dominant oak species found in these savannas are the Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and the Pin Oak (Quercus palustris). These trees have adapted to the region's harsh climate, developing deep root systems to withstand droughts and extreme temperatures. The understory of the savannas is comprised of a mix of native grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers, such as the Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and the Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta).

The Midwestern Oak Savannas are home to a diverse array of wildlife, including the White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the Bobcat (Lynx rufus). The Niobrara River, which flows through the smith falls state park near Valentine, Nebraska, provides a habitat for many aquatic species, such as the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula).

The Oak Savannas have undergone significant changes since the arrival of European settlers. Historically, the savannas were managed by Native American tribes through the use of fire, which helped to maintain the open canopy and promote the growth of native grasses. However, with the introduction of agriculture and the construction of fire breaks, the use of fire as a management tool declined, leading to an increase in woody vegetation and a loss of biodiversity.

At the Fontenelle Forest Nature Center, located near Bellevue, Nebraska, conservation efforts are underway to restore the Oak Savannas to their former state. Through the use of prescribed burns and thinning of the understory, the forest is being managed to promote the growth of native grasses and wildflowers. The nature center also provides opportunities for visitors to learn about the unique ecosystem of the Oak Savannas through guided hikes and educational programs.

In addition to the Fontenelle Forest Nature Center, other protected areas in Nebraska, such as the Homestead National Monument of America near Beatrice, also feature Oak Savannas. These areas provide valuable habitat for wildlife and offer opportunities for research and education.

The Midwestern Oak Savannas are a unique and fascinating ecosystem, with a complex history and a diverse array of plant and animal species. By visiting one of the many protected areas in Nebraska, travelers can gain a deeper understanding of this ecosystem and its importance in the region.