Nemaha County, located in the southeastern part of Nebraska, is a region rich in history and cultural significance. The county was founded in 1855 and named after the Nemaha River, which flows through the area. The river itself was named by French explorers, who derived the term 'Nemaha' from the Otoe Indian word for 'water'. This etymology highlights the early interactions and intercultural exchange that occurred between European settlers and Native American tribes in the region.

Prior to the arrival of European settlers, Nemaha County was home to various Native American tribes, including the Otoe, Omaha, and Ioway tribes. The area was attractive to these tribes due to its fertile soil, abundant resources, and accessible waterways. As European settlers began to migrate to the region, conflicts arose over land ownership and displacement. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, allowing settlers to vote on whether or not to allow slavery in the newly established territories of Kansas and Nebraska. This led to pro-slavery and anti-slavery tensions in Nemaha County, particularly during the period leading up to the American Civil War.

The early settlement of Nemaha County was also influenced by the arrival of European immigrants, particularly those of German descent. Many German settlers were attracted to the area's fertile soil and agricultural opportunities, leading to the establishment of towns such as Auburn and Brownville. Brownville, which is located near the Nemaha River, became a significant trading center in the late 19th century, with the establishment of the Brownville Ferry, which connected the town to the neighboring town of Fortescue, Missouri.

Auburn, the county seat of Nemaha County, was established in 1882. The town quickly grew in importance, driven by the expansion of the railroad and the establishment of institutions such as the Auburn Methodist Episcopal Church, which was built in 1875. The church's Gothic Revival-style architecture reflects the influence of European architectural styles on the development of Nemaha County's built environment.

One notable figure associated with Nemaha County is Willa Cather, the celebrated American novelist and Pulitzer Prize winner. Born in Back Creek Valley, Virginia, in 1873, Cather moved to the nearby village of Bethlehem, Nebraska, at a young age. While Cather did not spend her entire life in Nemaha County, her experiences in the region greatly influenced her writing, particularly in her portrayal of rural Nebraska in her novel 'O Pioneers!' (1913).

Nemaha County's history also reflects the region's significance in the development of educational institutions. The Nemaha County High School, established in 1883, became one of the first high schools in the region. Furthermore, the Auburn Public Library, founded in 1882, was one of the earliest public libraries in Nebraska. These institutions provided the residents of Nemaha County with opportunities for education and cultural enrichment, which contributed to the development of a dynamic community.

As the 20th century progressed, Nemaha County continued to evolve and adapt to changing social and economic circumstances. The impact of the Great Depression and World War II necessitated the creation of new infrastructure and community institutions to support residents and aid in post-war development. By the second half of the 20th century, Nemaha County had developed into a thriving region, with a rich history and cultural heritage.

Today, visitors can experience the rich history of Nemaha County through a variety of historical sites and museums, including the Nemaha Valley Historical Society Museum, the Auburn Public Library, and the Willa Cather Memorial. By exploring the county's architectural landmarks, historical museums, and cultural institutions, travelers can gain a deeper understanding of this Nebraska county and its significance in American history.